{"id":29735,"date":"2026-04-08T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/?p=29735"},"modified":"2026-02-25T09:31:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T08:31:19","slug":"ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\/","title":{"rendered":"PTV Viswalk Crowd Simulation for Stockholm Stadium Egress"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-questions-we-set-out-to-answer\" data-level=\"2\">Questions we set out to answer<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-why-ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation\" data-level=\"2\">Why PTV Viswalk crowd simulation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-challenges-and-solutions\" data-level=\"2\">Challenges and Solutions<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-inspection-zones\" data-level=\"3\">Inspection Zones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-metro-entrances\" data-level=\"3\">Metro Entrances<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-dynamic-route-choice\" data-level=\"3\">Dynamic Route Choice<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-from-walkway-los-to-queuing-los\" data-level=\"3\">From Walkway LOS to Queuing LOS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conclusions-and-lessons-learned\" data-level=\"2\">Conclusions and Lessons Learned<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-lessons-for-practitioners\" data-level=\"3\">Lessons for practitioners<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-operational-implications\" data-level=\"3\">Operational implications<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>What happens when 45,000 people leave a concert at the same time? As a traffic analyst at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsp.com\/en-gl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WSP<\/a>, I used PTV Viswalk crowd simulation to test that scenario in Stockholm\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/crowd-simulation-metropolitano-madrid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">stadium<\/a> district, where frequent events meet a changing urban plan and a new metro station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our model focused on three essentials: keeping inspection zones flowing, regulating inflow to platforms nearing capacity, and capturing how visitors <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/modelling-dynamic-traffic-management-at-luton-airport-with-ptv-vissim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reroute when queues build<\/a> &#8211; evidence the design team needed to keep people moving safely and efficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This work took place in Slakthusomr\u00e5det, a former industrial area in Stockholm with major venues such as Avicii Arena and 3Arena. As the district transforms into a mixed\u2011use neighborhood &#8211; and the metro network evolves &#8211; daily travel patterns will shift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because large events are routine here, the public realm must work for both everyday operations and <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/ptv-blog_stadium_traffic_simulation_vissim_viswalk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">peak egress<\/a>. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/pedestrian-simulations-times-square\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">simulations helped test those futures<\/a>, showing how design choices and operating rules interact when crowds and vehicles share limited space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd3872fd2a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd3872fd2a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"411\" height=\"624\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm1-411x624.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial map of Stockholm showing Slakthusomr\u00e5det and Stockholm Central Station\" class=\"wp-image-29726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm1-411x624.jpg 411w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm1-237x360.jpg 237w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm1-132x200.jpg 132w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm1.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Slakthusomr\u00e5det and its arenas in relation to Stockholm Central Station.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-questions-we-set-out-to-answer\"><strong>Questions we set out to answer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this PTV Viswalk crowd simulation, we set out to answer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Event scenarios<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What happens when 45,000 visitors exit the arenas within a 15-30\u2011minute period?<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What does arrival look like when 45,000 visitors come for an event at Tele2 Arena?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Model\u2011based questions covered in this article<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How were gridlocks at the inspection zones resolved?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How were metro entrance doors controlled to close when <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/simulations-revolutionize-transportation-planning-in-taiwan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">platform capacity<\/a> was exceeded?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How was dynamic route choice from Evenemangstorget to the metro modelled based on real\u2011time congestion?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How was the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/technologyplus\/scenario-manager-in-vissim-and-viswalk-part-ii-4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">overall situation evaluated<\/a>?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation\"><strong>Why PTV Viswalk crowd simulation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To support the architects in <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/technologyplus\/scenario-manager-in-vissim-and-viswalk-part-ii-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">assessing design alternatives<\/a>, we used PTV Viswalk. Viswalk is a microsimulation tool that captures detailed <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/pedestrian-crossing-planning-benchmarking-signalised-junctions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">interactions between pedestrians and vehicles<\/a> and can be paired with signal logic and capacity controls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This allowed us to examine pedestrian-vehicle interactions at crossings and to test crowding on platforms and <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/transforming-a-busy-bus-line-a-data-driven-brt-simulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">at bus stops<\/a> within a single, coherent workflow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our model covered Avicii Arena and 3Arena on the eastern side of Arenav\u00e4gen. Because the metro entrances are on the western side, visitors must cross Arenav\u00e4gen to reach the station &#8211; either at designated crossings or via the bridges connecting Evenemangstorget to the arena district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This geometry defines the key conflicts we needed to test: where and when pedestrians should be prioritized, how inflow to platforms is regulated, and when alternative paths reduce pressure on the nearest entrance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd3873088c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd3873088c\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"356\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm2.jpg\" alt=\"3D schematic of Avicii Arena and 3Arena with routes to metro entrances, crossings, bridges, and inspection zones\" class=\"wp-image-29724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm2-281x200.jpg 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Inspection zones (red), metro entrances (blue), dynamic route path (yellow).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-challenges-and-solutions\"><strong>Challenges and Solutions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During the modelling process, several key challenges emerged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-inspection-zones\"><strong>Inspection Zones<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The inspection zones function as security checkpoints where staff perform rapid checks to prevent prohibited items entering the venue. Under peak demand, pedestrians were sometimes pushed into incorrect queuing lanes, creating <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/crowd-simulation-metropolitano-madrid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bottlenecks and occasional gridlock<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Demand profile.<\/strong> Visitors begin arriving roughly 90 minutes before the event, with the majority within 30-60 minutes. With a 7-9\u2011second service time per person, the theoretical capacity is 44,000-55,000 visitors over a 90\u2011minute period. In practice, uneven arrivals and an uneven split across inspection zones caused localized exceedances. When we modelled the process as standard queues, popular zones experienced spillback, and multiple pedestrians frequently entered the same inspection slot simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd38730fac&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd38730fac\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"211\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm3.png\" alt=\"Arrival histogram and theoretical inspection capacity at 7 and 9 second service times\" class=\"wp-image-29720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm3.png 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm3-300x127.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Arrival peaks vs. inspection capacity (7 s and 9 s) explain pressure at security.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The arrival peak occurs shortly before start time, while the modeled 7-9 s service envelope shows that an uneven split across checkpoints can still overload popular lanes &#8211; even when aggregate capacity appears sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Intervention 1: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/optimization-of-a-brt-hub-with-ptv-vissim-simulations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Flow partition and guided corridors<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong> In the PTV Viswalk crowd simulation, the inbound flow was first divided into two primary sections, then each section into five overlapping approach corridors. The overlap extended beyond the slots so that if a pedestrian drifted into the wrong lane, the path geometry still guided that pedestrian to the correct slot, reducing cross\u2011lane conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd38731583&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd38731583\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"352\" height=\"379\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm4.jpg\" alt=\"3D plan of inspection area with split flows and overlapping corridors into inspection slots\" class=\"wp-image-29722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm4.jpg 352w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm4-334x360.jpg 334w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm4-186x200.jpg 186w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Split flows and overlapping corridors reduced lane conflicts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The overlapping geometry allows late corrections, so pedestrians drifting into the wrong lane are still guided to their intended slot, reducing cross\u2011lane conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Intervention 2: Slot control via VAP\u2011based signal logic.<\/strong> To eliminate simultaneous entries, each inspection slot was <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/technologyplus\/scenario-manager-in-vissim-and-viswalk-part-ii-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">signal\u2011controlled with detectors and a timer<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Two heads per slot:<\/strong> one at the entrance, one at the exit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Entrance detector:<\/strong> turns the entrance signal red once a pedestrian enters, starting the service timer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Service time:<\/strong> after ~7 seconds, the exit signal turns green for release.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exit detector:<\/strong> prevents the entrance signal from returning to green until the pedestrian has fully cleared the slot.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd38731ccf&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd38731ccf\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"530\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm5.png\" alt=\"PTV Viswalk crowd simulation view of inspection slots arranged for one by one, signal controlled processing\" class=\"wp-image-29718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm5.png 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm5-340x360.png 340w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm5-189x200.png 189w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Signals and timers enforced one by one processing at each slot.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>With the entrance held red until exit clearance, double entries were eliminated and throughput stabilized despite peak arrivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Outcome.<\/strong> The controlled, one\u2011by\u2011one processing markedly reduced double entries and stabilized throughput at the checkpoints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Stockholm Stadium simulation: Viswalk\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/94dtrZil9v8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How the signals at the inspection zones look running the simulation.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-metro-entrances\"><strong>Metro Entrances<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Metro platforms have finite holding capacity, so inflow must be regulated to maintain safe densities and realistic operations. In the PTV Viswalk crowd simulation, we implemented platform protection by signal\u2011controlling the entrance doors and linking their states to the real\u2011time number of pedestrians on the platform. This mirrors common station practice for managing crowding and platform safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Control logic.<\/strong> Doors were modeled as signals driven by an attribute modification tied to live platform occupancy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Doors reopened only after occupancy fell below 600.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When the platform count exceeded 600 persons, the signal switched to red (doors closed).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd387324ba&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd387324ba\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"395\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm6.png\" alt=\"Crowd queuing outside a metro entrance while doors are closed to protect platform capacity\" class=\"wp-image-29716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm6.png 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm6-456x360.png 456w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm6-253x200.png 253w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Doors close above 600 on the platform to manage crowd safety.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This configuration externalized queues to larger forecourt areas, where stewards can manage lines more safely without increasing platform risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dynamic-route-choice\"><strong>Dynamic Route Choice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Visitors leaving via Evenemangstorget must choose between two metro entrances. In practice, route choice is <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/smart-planning-for-complex-ecosystems-microsimulation-in-airport-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">adaptive<\/a>: when the nearest entrance develops a long queue, many visitors walk to the alternative. In the PTV Viswalk crowd simulation, we reproduced this behavior with <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/scenario-management-one-of-the-key-features-for-traffic-simulation-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">formula\u2011based routing<\/a> tied to a monitoring area near Evenemangstorget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Implementation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A monitoring area counted pedestrians in real time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the count exceeded 100, 90% of arrivals were redirected to the northern entrance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under normal conditions, a baseline share still chose the northern entrance to reflect familiarity and wayfinding variety.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd38732be1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd38732be1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"452\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm7.png\" alt=\"Plan view with arrows showing rerouting to the northern entrance; inset shows queuing at the southern entrance\" class=\"wp-image-29714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm7.png 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm7-398x360.png 398w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm7-221x200.png 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Congestion near the south entrance triggers rerouting to the north.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Effect: <\/strong>The logic captured how <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/how-pedestrian-simulation-ensures-a-smooth-flow-of-people-in-the-grand-palais-paris\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">visible congestion shifts flows<\/a> between the entrances, limiting back\u2011spill toward Evenemangstorget while preserving a realistic residual share to the northern route.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-from-walkway-los-to-queuing-los\"><strong>From Walkway LOS to Queuing LOS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Choosing the right evaluation metric was critical to compare design alternatives. In the PTV Viswalk crowd simulation, we initially used Walkway Level of Service (LOS) to visualize congestion. At very high volumes across large crowd fields, those heatmaps blurred priority hotspots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd38733270&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd38733270\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"926\" height=\"624\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm8-926x624.png\" alt=\"Comparison chart of pedestrian LOS for walkways and queuing with density thresholds in people per m\u00b2 (A\u2013F).\" class=\"wp-image-29728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm8-926x624.png 926w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm8-535x360.png 535w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm8-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm8-297x200.png 297w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm8.png 974w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 926px) 100vw, 926px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Walkway LOS used first but hid true hotspots at high volumes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Because acceptable density is <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/rediscovering-walking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">context\u2011dependent<\/a>, we aligned the metric with conditions on the ground:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One\u2011way flows \/ queuing can tolerate higher densities before comfort and safety degrade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bidirectional flows need lower densities to remain stable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Daily routines have lower thresholds than special events, where higher crowding is expected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd3873393d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd3873393d\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"373\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm9.png\" alt=\"Walkway LOS heatmap of the arena district showing density bands along crossings, forecourts, and paths\" class=\"wp-image-29712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm9.png 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm9-483x360.png 483w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm9-268x200.png 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Distinguishing hotspots proved difficult with walkway metrics alone.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Given the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/crowd-simulations-football-world-cup\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one\u2011way egress and event context<\/a>, Queuing LOS proved more suitable. In this framework, sustained E\u2013F areas signaled extreme congestion (\u2248 >5 persons\/m\u00b2) that warranted operating controls or design changes (e.g., metering, queuing geometry, alternative routing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69dbd38733ee3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69dbd38733ee3\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"373\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm10.png\" alt=\"PTV Viswalk crowd simulation: Queuing LOS heatmap for one way event egress, showing crowding at entrances and forecourts\" class=\"wp-image-29710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm10.png 500w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm10-483x360.png 483w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Stockholm10-268x200.png 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Queuing LOS revealed E\u2013F conditions above 5 persons\/m\u00b2.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We assessed not only peak levels but also exposure &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/triangulating-intersection-delay-with-ptv-vissim-in-hyderabad\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the area and duration of critical states<\/a> &#8211; so alternatives could be ranked by density, footprint, and persistence of hotspots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This change made true hotspots unambiguous and <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/how-microsimulation-reduces-risk-in-complex-urban-projects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">guided targeted design adjustments<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusions-and-lessons-learned\"><strong>Conclusions and Lessons Learned<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The PTV Viswalk crowd simulation confirmed where pressure concentrates and why: metro entrances\/platforms and bus stops are the dominant bottlenecks. Heavy use of crossings along Arenav\u00e4gen couples pedestrian surges with vehicle delay, so buses queue, miss stops, and lose outbound capacity. With simultaneous departures, metro capacity is insufficient, so excess demand must be metered upstream.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lessons-for-practitioners\"><strong>Lessons for practitioners<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Measure what matters.<\/strong> Walkway LOS blurred priorities at event scale; switching to queuing\u2011oriented LOS and occupancy\u2011linked door control made critical states unambiguous and actionable.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/modeling-planning\/scenario-management-one-of-the-key-features-for-traffic-simulation-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Be ready to pivot<\/strong><\/a><strong>. <\/strong>When standard approaches resisted calibration, we replaced them with targeted logic (e.g., door signals tied to live platform counts; formula\u2011based rerouting) to maintain momentum.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Balance detail with runtime<\/strong>. Dynamic Potential was reserved for high\u2011impact zones; elsewhere, simplified geometry\/behavior cut compute time without changing decisions.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reserve time for troubleshooting.<\/strong> Long runs, stochastic variation, and scenario iteration require explicit buffers for debugging and <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/calibrating-vissim-for-accurate-simulation-of-pedestrian-crossings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">stability checks<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-operational-implications\"><strong>Operational implications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Meter inflow at entrances and stage surplus queues in stewarded forecourts to protect platform conditions.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If buses are part of the clearance plan, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/from-gridlock-to-flow-ptv-vissim-transforms-traffic-in-marrakesh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">safeguard approach and dwell<\/a> (queue protection or temporary controls), not only stop capacity.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/naepo-digital-twin-ptv-visum-vissim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Compare alternatives on exposure<\/a> &#8211; the size and duration of E\u2013F states &#8211; rather than peak density alone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column cta-box is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1254\" height=\"836\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-25406\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-936x624.jpg 936w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1254px) 100vw, 1254px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim wp-block-cover__gradient-background has-background-gradient\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(66,104,249) 28%,rgb(41,224,133) 88%)\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:24px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Explore Traffic Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">See how traffic simulation supports event egress, pedestrian-vehicle interactions, and safer operations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-14c487f4 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-text-align-center has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ptvgroup.com\/en\/application-areas\/traffic-simulation\" style=\"border-radius:8px;color:#6482f6;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:500\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:300px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1254\" height=\"836\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-25406\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-936x624.jpg 936w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iStock-1312502184-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1254px) 100vw, 1254px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim wp-block-cover__gradient-background has-background-gradient\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(66,104,249) 28%,rgb(41,224,133) 88%)\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:24px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Explore Traffic Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">How traffic simulation supports event egress, pedestrian-vehicle interactions, and safer operations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-14c487f4 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-text-align-center has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ptvgroup.com\/en\/application-areas\/traffic-simulation\" style=\"border-radius:4px;color:#6482f6;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"card-text\">We tested how up to 45,000 visitors leave Stockholm\u2019s arena district, refined security checks, managed metro capacity, and turned results into practical design and operations decisions. [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"m-0\"><a class=\"btn btn-outline-secondary btn-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":29732,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8326,8322],"tags":[8404,8377,8371],"ppma_author":[8499],"class_list":["post-29735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modeling-planning","category-user-insights","tag-accessibility","tag-traffic-simulation","tag-urban-mobility"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PTV Viswalk crowd simulation: Stockholm Stadium case study | PTV Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PTV Viswalk crowd simulation of 45,000 visitors in Stockholm stadium: resolving bottlenecks, metering metro inflow, improving egress safety.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PTV Viswalk Crowd Simulation for Stockholm Stadium Egress\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PTV Viswalk crowd simulation of 45,000 visitors in Stockholm stadium: resolving bottlenecks, metering metro inflow, improving egress safety.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/en\/user-insights\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PTV Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PTVGroupGlobal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-08T06:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.ptvgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Untitled-design-12.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1025\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"577\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Guest author: Amanda Engstr\u00f6m\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"_ptadmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/en\\\/user-insights\\\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/en\\\/user-insights\\\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Guest Author\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ed495d952d445e59d4114dedcd7a86ba\"},\"headline\":\"PTV Viswalk Crowd Simulation for Stockholm Stadium Egress\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-08T06:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/en\\\/user-insights\\\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1580,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/en\\\/user-insights\\\/ptv-viswalk-crowd-simulation-for-stockholm-stadium-egress\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.ptvgroup.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Untitled-design-12.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Accessibility\",\"Traffic Simulation\",\"Urban Mobility\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Modeling &amp; 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